Four kinds of statements:

It seems that there are four ways to relate a subject to a predicate.

All are.

None are.

Some are.

Some are not.

Take any subject you want; let's call it "S" to be obtuse.

Take any predicate you want let's call it "P" to be even obtuser.

We can say:

All S are P.

No S is P.

Some S is P.

Some S is not P.

You might think these are simple, and you would be right. They are the simplest "atomic" statements you can have. But all of the other things we say are one of these four or combinations of these four in more complex statements.

There are also pretty clear relationships between them.