1. Translate the three following quantified propositions, a, b, and c into English. (Use the provided dictionary.)

Dictionary:

Px = x is a person

Lx = x is a librarian

Ax = x will earn an A in logic

Bxy = x borrowed y

Hxy = x studies harder than y

Nx = x is nocturnal

Vx = x is a violinist

Qx = x is quarantined

Lxy = x is more logical than y

Dxy = x drank y

~Ixy = x is not identical to y

And note that E is used instead of backwards E, + is used instead of the dot, and > is used instead of the horseshoe:

a: ( Ex) (y) ((Px > Hxy)

b: (Ey)(x)((Px + ~Ixy) > Lxy)

c: (Ey) (x)(Lxy + ~Ly)

2. Using the Change of Quantifier Rule change the quantifier for this statement:

~ (x) (Px > ~Qx)

3. Short essay response:

Why does analogical reasoning break down when trying to bridge the divide between fact and value? Or science and religion?

4. Select two of the even numbered analogies from exercise pp. 492 - 494 and describe the framework of the argument in each.

5. The Alaska State budget is based primarily on the income from oil. The current price of oil is below all projections used to plan the budget and this is going to have devastating effects on the operating budget. Describe what factors should be considered in remedying the budget crisis we are going to face. How would you go about solving this? Taxes? Cuts? Using the Permanent Fund Dividend? Can you think of other sources of income for the State?

Bonus question:

THIS PROPOSITION IS NOT TRUE.

 IS IT TRUE OR NOT?

See Peirce for a discussion on this.