Name:                                                                          Date:

Email me your answers to the following questions. Answer all the questions following the instructions in each section.

1. Translate the following quantified propositions into English. (Use the provided dictionary.)

Dictionary:

Px = x is a person

Lx = x is a librarian

Ax = x will earn an A in logic

Bxy = x borrowed y

Hxy = x studies harder than y

Nx = x is nocturnal

Vx = x is a violinist

Qx = x is quarantined

Lxy = x is more logical than y

Dxy = x drank y

~Ixy = x is not identical to y

translate these schemas and note that E is used instead of backwards E, + is used instead of the dot, and > is used instead of the horseshoe:

a: ( Ex) (y) ((Px > Hxy)

b: (Ey)(x)((Px + ~Ixy) > Lxy)

c: (Ey) (x)(Lxy + ~Ly)

2.

Short essay response:

Why does analogical reasoning break down when trying to bridge the divide between fact and value? Or science and religion?

2. Select two analogies from exercise pp. 492 - 494 and describe whether you think they are each an argument or not. How can you tell?

3. The Alaska State budget is based primarily on the income from oil. The current price of oil is below all projections used to plan the budget and this is going to have devastating effects on the operating budget. Describe what factors should be considered in remedying the budget crisis we are going to face. How would you go about solving this? Taxes? Cuts? Using the Permanent Fund Dividend? Can you think of other sources of income for the State?

Bonus question:

THIS PROPOSITION IS NOT TRUE.

 IS IT TRUE OR NOT?

See Peirce for a discussion on this.